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An Encapsulation-Based Sodium Storage via Zn-Single-Atom Implanted Carbon Nanotubes.

Xin Li1, Weibin Ye2, Pan Xu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel hollow carbon nanotube anode for sodium batteries. This design stabilizes sodium metal anodes, enhancing battery safety and extending cycling performance.

Keywords:
Zn single atomcarbon nanotubesin situ transmission electron microscopysodium metal anode

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Rechargeable sodium-based batteries are promising due to sodium's properties.
  • Challenges include volume variation, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and sodium dendrites, leading to performance decline and safety issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable and high-performance sodium metal anode.
  • To address the safety and cycling stability limitations of current sodium metal anodes.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a functional hollow carbon nanotube (ZnSA -HCNT) with embedded Zn single atom sites.
  • Encapsulated metallic sodium within the hollow carbon nanotubes.
  • Utilized in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe ion/electron transport.

Main Results:

  • Achieved highly reversible sodium storage via encapsulation.
  • ZnSA sites reduced the nucleation barrier for sodium deposition.
  • The porous carbon shell provided geometric constraints and efficient ion/electron transport.
  • Na@ZnSA -HCNT anodes demonstrated stable long-term performance (>900 h at 10 mA cm-2 in symmetrical cells).
  • Superior electrochemical performance was observed in Na@ZnSA -HCNT||PB full cells.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a new strategy for encapsulating metallic sodium using functionalized carbon nanotubes.
  • The ZnSA -HCNT anode significantly improves the safety and cycling performance of sodium metal batteries.