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Visual Attention Relates to Operator Performance in Spacecraft Docking Training.

Sarah Piechowski, Bernd Johannes, Willi Pustowalow

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |June 22, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Eye tracking during spacecraft docking simulations reveals key visual attention patterns. Increased focus on speed and distance indicators correlates with higher docking accuracy, suggesting improved training potential.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human Factors and Ergonomics
    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Manual spacecraft docking demands significant cognitive and perceptual skills, with visual information processing being critical for success.
    • Eye tracking offers an objective method to assess operator attentional focus during complex tasks.
    • Previous research has not fully explored the utility of eye tracking in evaluating manual spacecraft docking performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility of using eye tracking during manual spacecraft docking simulations.
    • To identify correlations between visual information processing patterns and docking accuracy.
    • To explore the potential of eye tracking for enhancing spacecraft docking training.

    Main Methods:

    • Eye movements were recorded from 10 participants during 20 training sessions using a 6 degrees of freedom spacecraft docking simulation.

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  • Data were collected during the AGBRESA 6° head-down tilt bed rest study.
  • The study hypothesized that gaze duration and frequency on specific regions of interest would correlate with docking accuracy.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants predominantly focused their gaze on the visor, followed by instrument displays.
    • A significant positive relationship was found between the duration and frequency of visual checks on speed and distance indicators and docking accuracy.
    • Eye tracking successfully identified task-relevant visual attention patterns during the docking simulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Eye tracking is a feasible and valuable tool for assessing visual information processing during manual spacecraft docking.
    • Specific visual attention patterns, particularly towards speed and distance cues, are linked to successful docking performance.
    • Eye tracking data can potentially be leveraged to improve the effectiveness of spacecraft docking training programs.