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Optimal control and Bayes inference applied to complex microbial communities.

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Summary

This study reveals how resource availability and antimicrobials shift bacterial interactions from mutualism to competition or extinction. Cooperation strategies effectively control both sensitive and resistant bacteria, unlike competitive approaches.

Keywords:
amino acidsantimicrobialscompetitioncross-feeding bacteriaexperimental datamutualismparameter estimationresistant bacteriasensitive bacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Systems Biology
  • Evolutionary Dynamics

Background:

  • Species interactions are crucial in ecosystems, yet the shift from mutualism to competition is understudied experimentally.
  • Cross-feeding bacterial mutualism, where strains provide essential amino acids, is sensitive to environmental conditions and antimicrobial presence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the transition between bacterial mutualism and competition under varying resource and antimicrobial conditions.
  • To model and analyze the population dynamics of cross-feeding bacteria exposed to antimicrobials.
  • To evaluate control strategies for managing bacterial populations, including sensitive and resistant strains.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of resource (amino acid) availability and antimicrobial exposure.
  • Mathematical modeling of bacterial population dynamics.
  • Optimal control theory application to assess intervention strategies.
  • Parameter estimation to fit the model to experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Resource availability dictates bacterial outcomes: extinction, mutualism, or competition in the absence of antimicrobials.
  • Antimicrobial presence shifts dynamics, with low resources leading to extinction and high resources favoring competition.
  • Cooperative control strategies effectively reduce both sensitive and resistant bacterial populations, whereas competitive strategies yield mixed results.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial mutualism is a dynamic state sensitive to resource levels and external pressures like antimicrobials.
  • Optimal control strategies, particularly cooperative ones, are essential for managing microbial communities and mitigating the impact of resistant strains.