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Human cardiac gap junctions: isolation, ultrastructure, and protein composition.

C K Manjunath, G E Goings, E Page

    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cardiac gap junctions possess unique ultrastructural and protein features, including a distinct cytoplasmic surface component and disulfide cross-linking, differentiating them from liver and lens gap junctions. These findings were confirmed in human cardiac tissue.

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Structural Biology

    Background:

    • Gap junctions are crucial for cell-to-cell communication.
    • Cardiac gap junctions exhibit tissue-specific ultrastructure and protein composition compared to liver and lens.
    • Previous studies focused on rat ventricular gap junctions, leaving human cardiac gap junctions uncharacterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize unproteolyzed human cardiac gap junctions.
    • To compare the ultrastructure and protein composition of human cardiac gap junctions with those from rat ventricles, liver, and lens.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of unproteolyzed gap junctions from human ventricular tissue.
    • Utilized electron microscopy (thin-sectioning and freeze-fracture) to visualize junctional ultrastructure.

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  • Analyzed protein composition and identified specific domains and linkages.

    • Main Results:

    • Human cardiac gap junctions possess a characteristic cytoplasmic surface component, similar to rat cardiac gap junctions.
    • This component involves a Mr 17,500 domain of the connexon subunits and exhibits disulfide cross-linking.
    • These features distinguish human cardiac gap junctions from liver and lens gap junctions, which lack these specific structures.

    Conclusions:

    • Human cardiac gap junctions share unique ultrastructural and protein characteristics with rat cardiac gap junctions.
    • The identified cytoplasmic surface component and disulfide linkages are key distinguishing features.
    • This study provides the first characterization of human cardiac gap junctions, confirming tissue specificity in mammals.