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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Paramagnetism01:30

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Atomic and Electronic Manipulation of Robust Ferroelectric Polymorphs.

Yonas Assefa Eshete1, Kyungrok Kang1, Seunghun Kang2

  • 1Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers achieved robust ferroelectricity in atomically thin materials by controlling crystal structures. This breakthrough enables tunable polar lattices and stable ferroelectric switching up to 400 K, crucial for next-generation electronics.

Keywords:
2D ferroelectricityphase diagramsphase transitionspolymorphismscreening

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymorphism in atomically thin materials offers design flexibility for lattice symmetry and charge distribution.
  • While studied for superconducting and magnetic states, controlling ferroelectric polymorphs in thin films remains challenging.
  • Ferroelectricity in 2D materials is key for advanced electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve polymorphic control for robust ferroelectricity in atomically thin geometries.
  • To investigate atomic and electric manipulation of ferroelectric polymorphs in Mo1-xWxTe2.
  • To develop tunable polar lattice structures and stable ferroelectric switching.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic manipulation via chemical pressure (W substitution for Mo) in Mo1-xWxTe2.
  • Charge density modulation to influence polar lattice structures.
  • Characterization of ferroelectric properties and switching behavior.

Main Results:

  • Tunable polar lattice structures and robust ferroelectricity achieved up to 400 K.
  • Constant coercive field observed during ferroelectric switching.
  • Ferroelectric switching demonstrated stability up to 1.1 × 1013 cm-2 carrier density due to inversion symmetry breaking.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic and electric manipulation enables robust ferroelectricity in atomically thin Mo1-xWxTe2.
  • The study presents a novel diagram for ferroelectric switching in atomically thin materials.
  • This work paves the way for designing ferroelectric properties in 2D materials.