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Related Concept Videos

Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Adherens Junctions01:24

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Cadherin-dependent adhesion modulated 3D cell-assembly.

Wenjie Han1, Miao He2, Yunhan Zhang2

  • 1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. hjliang@ustc.edu.cn.

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Summary

Synthetic biology enables engineered cell assembly. This study uses cadherins to control cell adhesion, creating 3D cell components for self-assembling tissues and organoids.

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Visualizing Adhesion Formation in Cells by Means of Advanced Spinning Disk-Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Cellular engineering
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell spreading and detachment in tissue development and cancer metastasis are influenced by surface tension.
  • Surface tension arises from differences in cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin dimerization.
  • Cadherins are key proteins regulating cell adhesion and tissue organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cadherin-mediated cell migration and assembly.
  • To engineer synthetic cell-assembly biosystems with specific functions.
  • To fabricate 3D cell functional components using differential adhesion principles.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of E- and P-cadherin plasmids.
  • Electroporation of plasmids into K562 and HEK293T cells.
  • Utilizing the differential adhesion hypothesis to guide cell assembly.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of special 3D cell functional components.
  • Demonstration of cadherin-regulated cell migration and assembly.
  • Creation of structures exhibiting phase separation properties.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered cadherin expression can control cell assembly and migration.
  • This approach facilitates the creation of novel 3D cell structures.
  • Potential applications in constructing self-assembling synthetic tissues and organoids.