Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

7.6K
An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
7.6K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

7.2K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
7.2K
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

6.8K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
6.8K
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

4.2K
The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
4.2K
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

34.5K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
34.5K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

42.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
42.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TABF as a Double Proton Sponge: Steric Preorganization versus Antiaromatic Destabilization.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Substituent and Matrix Effects in Electron-Induced One- and Two-Electron Reduction of Quinones.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

A Magnetically Bistable Rigid Carbene─2,3-Benzofluorenylidene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

On-surface synthesis platform for highly branched oligomers based on sequential C-C coupling and C-H activation of carbenes.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Context Rules! Special Issue on "Physical Organic Chemistry: Never Out of Style".

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Enhanced Resolution in EPR Spectroscopy Using para-Hydrogen Matrices.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

6.3K

Solvation Effects on Quantum Tunneling Reactions.

Tim Schleif1, Melania Prado Merini1, Stefan Henkel1

  • 1Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|June 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solvent choice impacts organic synthesis yields. Quantum mechanical tunneling, influenced by solvation, bypasses transition states, affecting reaction rates and product selectivity. Cryogenic matrix experiments reveal these effects.

More Related Videos

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.1K
All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

6.3K
Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.1K
All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Organic Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Solvent selection is crucial for organic synthesis yields and selectivity.
  • Traditional solvent effects are understood via transition state interactions.
  • Quantum mechanical tunneling circumvents transition states, complicating intuitive predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rationalize the impact of solvation on chemical reactions involving quantum tunneling.
  • To explore how solvent interactions influence tunneling reaction kinetics and selectivity.
  • To investigate the potential for tunneling catalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments conducted in cryogenic matrices to isolate and study tunneling reactions.
  • Analysis of various organic transformations, including hydrogen and heavy atom tunneling.
  • Application of theoretical models based on the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and potential energy surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Solvation significantly affects hydrogen tunneling (e.g., formic acid isomerization, methylhydroxycarbene rearrangement).
  • Heavy atom tunneling is also sensitive to solvent interactions, influencing reaction pathways (e.g., benzene oxide-oxepin tautomerization).
  • Complexation with Lewis acids can accelerate tunneling reactions, demonstrating tunneling catalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Solvation plays a critical role in controlling quantum tunneling phenomena in organic reactions.
  • Simple theoretical models can predict and explain solvation effects on tunneling kinetics.
  • Understanding these effects provides a basis for rationally controlling reactions via solvent manipulation and catalysis.