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A methodological proposal for assessing food insecurity from a multidimensional perspective.

Natália Louise de Araújo Cabral1, Nila Patrícia Freire Pequeno2, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli3

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). R. General Cordeiro de Faria s/n, Petrópolis. 59012-570 Natal RN Brasil. natalia.louise@ifsertao-pe.edu.br.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a new method to assess food and nutritional insecurity (FNiS) in adults and older adults. The Vigi-FNiS tool identified key risk factors, including low income and poor water quality, impacting 42.1% of participants.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Food and nutritional insecurity (FNiS) is a significant public health concern, particularly among vulnerable populations.
  • Existing assessment methods may not fully capture the complexities of FNiS in diverse adult and older adult groups.
  • Developing a robust and validated tool is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a methodological proposal, termed Vigi-FNiS, for assessing food and nutritional insecurity (FNiS) in adults and older adults.
  • To identify sociodemographic, health, and nutritional factors associated with FNiS in the studied population.
  • To establish a reliable cutoff point for the Vigi-FNiS tool.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the BRAZUCA Natal survey, a cross-sectional study of 411 individuals in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
  • Employed Poisson multiple regression to analyze associations between sociodemographic, health, nutrition variables, and food insecurity (FI).
  • Developed the Vigi-FNiS tool incorporating specific risk indicators and determined its performance metrics (Kappa, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV).

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of food insecurity (FI) was 42.1%, with higher rates observed in women (47.5%), adults (48.2%), and Black individuals (52.7%).
  • Key predictors of FNiS included having children under 18, low family income, inadequate drinking water treatment, chronic diseases, skipping meals, and eating habits.
  • A Vigi-FNiS cutoff point of 2.3 demonstrated acceptable performance (Kappa=0.47) with good sensitivity (82%) and specificity (67%).

Conclusions:

  • The Vigi-FNiS provides a validated methodological proposal for assessing food and nutritional insecurity in adults and older adults.
  • The study highlights significant associations between socioeconomic status, health conditions, and FNiS, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering multiple risk factors for a comprehensive understanding and management of FNiS.