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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii
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Targeted Screening for Chronic Q Fever, the Netherlands.

Daphne F M Reukers, Pieter T de Boer, Alfons O Loohuis

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |June 22, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Targeted screening for chronic Q fever in the Netherlands, years after an outbreak, identified new cases. This proactive approach proved cost-effective for high-risk individuals, aiding early detection and treatment.

    Keywords:
    Coxiella burnetiiQ feveraneurysmbacteriachronic Q fevercost effectivenessgeneral practitionerheart valve diseaseimmunocompromised patientscreening programtargeted screeningthe Netherlandsvascular disease

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Chronic Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, can lead to severe complications if not detected early.
    • A large Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands necessitated long-term monitoring and screening strategies.
    • General practitioner practices are key sites for identifying and managing chronic infections in the community.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a targeted chronic Q fever screening program.
    • To assess the prevalence of chronic Q fever in high-risk populations years after a major outbreak.
    • To determine if early detection through screening can prevent severe outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • A screening program was implemented in 13 general practitioner practices in outbreak areas.
    • 3,419 patients with specific underlying medical conditions were identified for potential screening.
    • 1,642 patients (48% participation) underwent serum testing using immunofluorescence assay for Coxiella burnetii antibodies.

    Main Results:

    • 18% (289/1,642) of participants showed evidence of previous Coxiella burnetii infection (IgG II titer >1:64).
    • 9 patients were suspected of having chronic Q fever (IgG I y titer >1:512) based on serological results.
    • 4 patients were ultimately diagnosed with chronic Q fever after medical evaluation.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeted screening effectively identified patients with chronic Q fever even years after a large outbreak.
    • Despite higher-than-estimated costs, the screening program demonstrated cost-effectiveness in specific high-risk groups.
    • Early detection and treatment of chronic Q fever are crucial for preventing potentially life-threatening complications.