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Assessing the Risk Factors For Diagnosed Symptomatic Dry Eye Using a Smartphone App: Cross-sectional Study.

Ngamjit Kasetsuwan^1,2,3, Olan Suwan-Apichon^2,4, Kaevalin Lekhanont^2,5

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth

|June 22, 2022

Summary

A study in Thailand found 85.8% of smartphone app users had symptomatic dry eye (DE). Key risk factors include female sex, prolonged screen time, and lower education levels, highlighting the need for targeted public health strategies.

Keywords:

blink rate dry eye epidemiology mHealth maximum blink interval ophthalmology prevalence risk factors screening smartphone application symptoms vision

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Public Health
Digital Health

Background:

Dry eye (DE) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory ocular surface disease.
Smartphone adoption for healthcare is rapidly increasing.
The 'Dry eye or not?' app was developed to assess DE prevalence and provide user feedback in Thailand.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of symptomatic dry eye (DE) in Thailand using a smartphone application.
To compare ocular parameters (blink rate, MBI, BSCVA) between individuals with and without symptomatic DE.
To identify risk factors associated with symptomatic DE within the Thai population.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study utilizing data from the 'Dry eye or not?' smartphone app (November 2019 - July 2020).
Data collected included demographics, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, blink rate, maximum blink interval (MBI), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and visual display terminal (VDT) use.
Symptomatic DE was defined as an OSDI score of 13 or higher.

Main Results:

The prevalence of symptomatic DE among app users in Thailand was 85.8%.
Significant associations with symptomatic DE included worse BSCVA, increased blink rate, reduced MBI, female sex, VDT use exceeding 6 hours, and lower educational attainment.
Age over 50 was found to be less associated with symptomatic DE.

Conclusions:

The 'Dry eye or not?' smartphone app effectively identified a high prevalence (85.8%) of symptomatic DE in Thailand.
The app can evaluate DE signs and risk factors, aiding in the development of strategic public health interventions.
Mobile health applications show promise for large-scale screening and management of ocular surface diseases like dry eye.