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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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A Belgian student with black eschars.

Astrid Van Reempts1, Liesbet De Meester2, Koen Blot3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Acta Clinica Belgica
|June 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Human cowpox virus infection, a rare zoonotic disease, is increasingly reported. This case highlights potential links to declining smallpox immunity and the need for greater awareness.

Keywords:
Cowpox viruscase reportcathuman cowpoxskin lesion

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Human Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Human cowpox virus is a rare zoonotic Orthopoxvirus.
  • Increased transmission from pets (cats, rats) to humans in Europe noted.
  • Declining smallpox vaccination may reduce cross-immunity, increasing susceptibility.

Observation:

  • First reported human cowpox case in an unvaccinated Belgian.
  • Patient presented with necrotic skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, and flu-like symptoms.
  • Likely transmission from domestic or shelter cats; autoinoculation suspected.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis confirmed via electron microscopy and PCR on skin biopsy.
  • Lesions healed spontaneously within six months, leaving atrophic scars.
  • Case highlights cowpox virus as a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen.

Implications:

  • Suggests human cowpox may be underreported post-smallpox vaccination cessation.
  • Increased incidence and severity warrant further investigation.
  • Consideration for making human cowpox a notifiable disease to enhance surveillance.