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Updated: Sep 7, 2025

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Diet and vascular risk.

Francisco Gomez-Delgado1,2, Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera3,2, Pablo Perez-Martinez3,2

  • 1Internal Medicine Unit/Jaen University Hospital, Jaen.

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|June 22, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy dietary patterns (DP) are crucial for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review examines various DP, including the Mediterranean diet, and their impact on CVD risk factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dietary patterns significantly influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.
  • Emerging risk factors, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, are also modulated by diet.
  • Healthy dietary patterns play a key role in managing CVD through these established and emerging risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various healthy dietary patterns (DP) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) management.
  • To detail the nutritional components and characteristics of different DP.
  • To highlight the importance of DP in the prevention and treatment of CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological studies, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and meta-analyses.
  • Analysis of established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Focus on the impact of various dietary patterns on CVD risk modulation.

Main Results:

  • The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a leading example of a heart-healthy dietary pattern.
  • Other effective DP include DASH, Nordic, Vegetarian, Portfolio, Low-carbohydrate, and Planetary Health diets.
  • Evidence from multiple study types supports the efficacy of these DP in modulating CVD risk.

Conclusions:

  • Lifestyle modification, particularly dietary patterns, is fundamental for CVD prevention and treatment.
  • Several healthy dietary patterns demonstrate significant benefits in managing CVD risk factors.
  • Adherence to specific DP can effectively reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.