T cell-neuron interaction in inflammatory and progressive multiple sclerosis biology

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Central Nervous System Disorders

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune CNS disease.
• T cells, B cells, and glial cells drive MS neurodegeneration.
• Mechanisms of T cell orchestration in MS pathogenesis are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• Review advances in T cell-neuron interactions in MS.
• Clarify T cell roles in inflammatory and progressive MS.
• Discuss novel diagnostic tools for MS.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on T cell interactions in MS.
• Analysis of T cell roles in different MS disease stages.
• Evaluation of emerging diagnostic biomarkers.

Main Results:

• T cells directly and indirectly interact with neurons in MS.
• Encephalitogenic T cells play stage-specific roles in MS pathogenesis.
• Neurofilament light chain (NfL) shows diagnostic potential.

Conclusions:

• Understanding T cell-neuron interactions is crucial for MS.
• NfL is a promising biomarker for MS clinical and therapeutic decisions.