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Calcium and lithium hydroxides show potential for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from internal combustion engine exhaust. Fine powder forms and moisture enhance CO2 uptake, while pollutants like sulfur dioxide reduce capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Internal combustion engines produce exhaust flue gas containing carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • Solid sorbents are explored for CO2 capture applications.
  • Calcium and lithium hydroxides are cost-effective sorbents used in gas purification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the CO2 capture ability of calcium and lithium hydroxides.
  • To investigate the influence of various parameters on sorbent performance.
  • To simulate exhaust flue gas conditions from internal combustion engines.

Main Methods:

  • A small-scale plant was designed for CO2 capture experiments.
  • Sorbent granulometry, temperature, gas velocity, moisture, and gas composition were varied.
  • CO2 capture was measured using on-line non-dispersive infrared analysis and off-line scanning electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Calcium hydroxide demonstrated good CO2 uptake capacity between 20°C and 150°C.
  • Fine sorbent powder and the presence of moisture significantly improved CO2 capture.
  • Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide impurities substantially reduced the carbonation capacity of the sorbents.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium hydroxide is a promising sorbent for CO2 capture from internal combustion engine exhaust under specific conditions.
  • Optimizing sorbent particle size and managing moisture content are key for efficient CO2 capture.
  • The presence of common flue gas pollutants negatively impacts sorbent performance, requiring further investigation for practical applications.