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Updated: Sep 7, 2025
miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
Published on: September 8, 2015
Comprehensive analysis of tumor mutation burden and immune microenvironment in prostate cancer
Junqun Liao1, Yuan Ye2, Xuren Xu3
1Medical Laboratory Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
Purpose:
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a high incidence of malignant tumor of the urinary system and the second most common male cancer in the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIS) therapy is becoming a new hope for cancer treatment.
Methods:
To realize the possibility of PRAD patients benefiting from ICIS treatment, we analyzed the mutation spectrum of all PRAD patients, calculated the TMB of each PRAD patient, and divided the patients into high TMB group and low TMB group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified and path analysis was carried out. The immune cell infiltration of each PRAD patient was evaluated and survival analysis was performed to explore the effect of immune cell infiltration on the prognosis.
Results:
We found that high TMB was associated with better survival outcomes, with higher TMB scores in young patients, T2 and N0 patients. 28 hub genes were screened by the overlap between 229 DEGs and immune-related genes. T cells CD8 and CD4 memory activated in the high TMB group were higher than those in the low TMB group, while Mast cells resting in the low TMB group were higher than that in the high TMB group. High neutrophil infiltration is associated with poor prognosis in patients with PRAD. Finally, from the immune genes used to construct the prognostic risk model of TMB, it is found that CHP2 and NRG1 are independent prognostic factors of PRAD.
Conclusions:
This study provides new insights into the immune microenvironment and potential immunotherapy of PRAD.
Insights
High tumor mutational burden (TMB) in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) correlates with better survival and enhanced immune cell activity. Specific genes like CHP2 and NRG1 are identified as key prognostic factors for PRAD immunotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a prevalent cancer with significant global impact.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer a promising avenue for cancer treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential benefit of ICIs for PRAD patients.
- To analyze the relationship between tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune cell infiltration, and patient prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of PRAD patient mutation spectrum and calculation of TMB.
- Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes.
- Evaluation of immune cell infiltration and survival analysis.
Main Results:
- Higher TMB was linked to improved survival, particularly in younger patients and those with earlier stage disease (T2, N0).
- CD8+ and CD4+ memory T cell activation was higher in the high TMB group, while resting mast cells were higher in the low TMB group.
- High neutrophil infiltration correlated with poor prognosis; CHP2 and NRG1 emerged as independent prognostic factors.
Conclusions:
- This research offers novel insights into the PRAD immune microenvironment.
- Findings support the potential of immunotherapy and highlight key prognostic markers for PRAD.
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