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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Ectopic Pleural Parathyroid Adenoma Causing Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Jasleen Kaur1, Tyler Drake2,1

  • 1Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, USA.

Cureus
|June 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ectopic parathyroid glands can cause persistent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This case highlights a rare pleural parathyroid adenoma, emphasizing diagnostic and treatment challenges of unusual ectopic locations.

Keywords:
ectopicparathyromatosispersistentpleural adenomaprimary hyperparathyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Ectopic parathyroid glands are implicated in up to 16% of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases.
  • These aberrant glands can result in persistent or recurrent PHPT, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • A unique case of a pleural parathyroid adenoma is presented, causing persistent PHPT.
  • The pleural location is highly unusual, as the pleura do not share a common embryologic origin with parathyroid tissue.

Findings:

  • The adenoma's ectopic pleural location suggests potential causes like incomplete mediastinal adenoma removal or parathyromatosis.
  • Parathyromatosis, the spread of parathyroid cells, can lead to adenomas in unexpected sites, complicating management.

Implications:

  • This is the first reported instance of a pleural parathyroid adenoma causing persistent PHPT.
  • The case underscores the importance of considering unusual ectopic locations in PHPT diagnosis and management, especially in recurrent cases.