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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization
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Nuclear pore complex acetylation regulates mRNA export and cell cycle commitment in budding yeast.

Mercè Gomar-Alba1,2, Vasilisa Pozharskaia1, Bogdan Cichocki1

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Summary

The NuA4 complex

Keywords:
G1-S transitionHos3NuA4mRNA exportnuclear pore complex

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport and gene expression.
  • Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) like Esa1 are involved in transcription.
  • The NuA4 complex's role in mRNA export is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the yeast NuA4 complex in mRNA export.
  • To determine how Esa1 affects nuclear pore complex function.
  • To elucidate the regulation of gene expression in mother and daughter yeast cells.

Main Methods:

  • Yeast genetics and molecular biology techniques.
  • Analysis of protein acetylation and localization.
  • mRNA export assays and cell cycle analysis.

Main Results:

  • Esa1 acetylates Nup60, promoting mRNA export factor Sac3 recruitment to NPCs.
  • This acetylation facilitates mRNA export and cell cycle progression into S phase.
  • Hos3 deacetylase inhibits this process in daughter cells, restraining cell cycle entry.

Conclusions:

  • Acetylation by Esa1 contributes to NPC functional plasticity in yeast.
  • The NuA4 complex regulates gene expression at both transcription and mRNA export levels.
  • This mechanism provides cell-cycle-specific gene expression control in mother and daughter cells.