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Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on Polymer Bragg Grating: A Case Study on Extracellular Vesicles

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This study introduces a novel refractive index (RI) sensor for early cancer detection using extracellular vesicles (EVs). The highly sensitive sensor offers a cost-effective, non-invasive approach for liquid biopsy diagnostics.

Keywords:
optical biosensingphotonic-crystals-based optical sensingrefractive index sensingwaveguide-based sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Refractive index (RI) sensing enables biochemical analysis for non-invasive medical diagnostics.
  • Liquid biopsy using extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a promising, less invasive cancer detection method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a highly sensitive RI sensor for early-stage cancer diagnosis.
  • To enhance sensor performance using a metal undercladding and high-index coating.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a compact polymer waveguide Bragg grating sensor with a metal undercladding and high-index coating.
  • Utilized finite element method (FEM) and coupled-mode theory (CMT) for sensor analysis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high RI sensitivity (408-861 nm/RIU) over a broad dynamic range (1.32-1.44).
  • Demonstrated a strong evanescent field suitable for detecting extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed sensor is suitable for real-time, on-chip early cancer diagnosis.
  • The sensor design offers enhanced sensitivity and dynamic range for biochemical analysis.