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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Heart Valves01:16

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management01:27

Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management

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A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
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Valvular Heart Disease Epidemiology.

John Sukumar Aluru1, Adam Barsouk2, Kalyan Saginala3

  • 1Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA.

Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Valvular heart disease is a growing global health issue. Its prevalence varies by region, with rheumatic heart disease increasing in developing nations and aortic stenosis in developed ones.

Keywords:
aortic regurgitationaortic valve stenotic diseaseepidemiologyinfective endocarditisrheumatic heart diseasetricuspid regurgitationvalvular heart disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a significant and increasing cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide.
  • Geographic distribution and prevalence of specific VHDs are evolving.
  • Factors like population demographics, socioeconomic status, and medical advancements influence VHD trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current global landscape of valvular heart disease.
  • To highlight the changing prevalence and contributing factors of major VHDs.
  • To inform public health strategies addressing VHD disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on valvular heart disease prevalence.
  • Analysis of trends in rheumatic heart disease, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, and infective endocarditis.
  • Correlation of VHD trends with demographic, socioeconomic, and medical intervention factors.

Main Results:

  • Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) prevalence is rising in developing nations and among vulnerable populations in developed nations.
  • Aortic valve stenosis is increasing in developed nations due to aging populations and atherosclerosis.
  • Mitral regurgitation shows significant global variability, with secondary causes linked to heart failure.
  • Tricuspid regurgitation and infective endocarditis are increasing in developed nations, associated with medical device usage and interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Valvular heart disease represents a growing global health challenge with diverse epidemiological patterns.
  • Addressing VHD requires tailored public health initiatives considering regional and socioeconomic factors.
  • Continued monitoring and research are essential to manage the increasing burden of valvular heart disease.