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Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU): Human Biomonitoring Guidance Values Derived for Dimethylformamide.

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Summary

New human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) for workers exposed to dimethylformamide (DMF) were derived. Total N-methylformamide (tNMF) and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) in urine are proposed as biomarkers for DMF exposure.

Keywords:
DMFHBM-GVHBM4EUbiomarkercarcinogenicitydimethylformamideguidance valuehealth effectshuman biomonitoringliverreprotoxic effectstoxicokinetics

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Occupational Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • The European Joint Program on Human Biomonitoring (HBM4EU) aims to establish human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) for prioritized substances.
  • Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a substance prioritized for HBM-GV derivation due to potential health risks, particularly hepatotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive occupational human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVWorker) for dimethylformamide (DMF) for occupationally exposed adults.
  • To identify and validate suitable biomarkers for monitoring DMF exposure in the workplace.

Main Methods:

  • Applied the HBM4EU methodology for deriving HBM-GVs using a comprehensive database of workplace DMF exposure.
  • Utilized dose-response relationships between biomarker concentrations and health effects, focusing on hepatotoxicity as the most sensitive endpoint.
  • Selected total N-methylformamide (tNMF) and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine (AMCC) in urine as candidate biomarkers for HBM-GVWorker derivation.

Main Results:

  • Proposed HBM-GVWorker values of 10 mg·L-1 or 10 mg·g-1 creatinine for both tNMF and AMCC in urine.
  • tNMF and AMCC serve complementary roles in biological monitoring due to their different half-lives, reflecting recent and past DMF exposure, respectively.
  • Confidence levels for the derived HBM-GVWorker were assessed as 'high' for tNMF and 'medium-low' for AMCC.

Conclusions:

  • Established health-based HBM-GVWorker for tNMF and AMCC, providing valuable tools for occupational DMF exposure assessment.
  • Recommended tNMF and AMCC as complementary biomarkers for effective biological monitoring of workers exposed to DMF.
  • Highlighted the need for further research to consolidate the health-based HBM-GV for AMCC due to its medium-low confidence level.