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Toxicological analysis of 355 fatal suicides revealed drug abuse in men and medicines in women. Hanging was more common in men, jumping in women, with alcohol frequently combined with other substances.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Public Health
  • Suicidology

Background:

  • Suicide is a global public health issue affecting diverse populations.
  • Understanding risk factors, including substance use, is crucial for prevention.
  • Toxicological findings in suicide victims can illuminate consumption patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the types and combinations of toxic substances in fatal suicide victims.
  • To correlate toxicological findings with different suicide mechanisms.
  • To identify demographic differences in substance use and suicide methods.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 355 autopsies.
  • Determination of 26 different toxic substances.
  • Correlation of toxicological results with suicide mechanisms (hanging, drug overdose, jumping).

Main Results:

  • Hanging was the most frequent mechanism (55%), particularly in men.
  • Drug overdose (22.7%) and jumping from a height (17.8%) were also common.
  • Drugs of abuse were prevalent in men (55.5%), while medicines were more frequent in women (70.3%).
  • Alcohol, nordiazepam, cocaine, and venlafaxine were commonly detected.
  • Benzodiazepines and venlafaxine were associated with multiple suicide mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Toxicological analysis is vital for understanding substance use in suicides.
  • Drug abuse is significantly associated with male suicides.
  • Suicide mechanisms show gender-specific patterns (hanging in men, jumping in women).
  • Combined use of alcohol, other toxics, and medicines is a notable finding.
  • Findings can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies.