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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Unilateral Horizontal Rectus Muscle Recessions for Pediatric Comitant Strabismus.

Kimberly S Merrill1, Raymond G Areaux1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility
|June 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unilateral horizontal rectus muscle recession (UHR) successfully treated pediatric strabismus in 71.9% of cases. Unilateral lateral rectus recession for exotropia showed higher success rates, especially for smaller deviations.

Keywords:
Unilateral muscle surgeryhorizontal incomitancestrabismus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Strabismus Surgery

Background:

  • Bilateral horizontal rectus muscle recession (BHR) is a common strabismus surgery.
  • Unilateral horizontal rectus muscle recession (UHR) offers potential benefits like reduced operating time and fewer complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of UHR in pediatric patients with comitant strabismus.
  • To compare success rates for unilateral medial rectus recession (UMR) in esotropia (ET) and unilateral lateral rectus recession (ULR) in exotropia (XT).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients undergoing UMR for ET or ULR for XT.
  • Success defined as post-operative distance deviation within specific ranges at 3 months.
  • Analysis of postoperative horizontal incomitance (HI) and success rates based on recession size.

Main Results:

  • Overall primary success rate for UHR was 71.9%.
  • ULR for XT had a success rate of 80%, with higher success in small to medium deviations.
  • UMR for ET had a success rate of 53.9%; success rates decreased for large recessions in both ET and XT.

Conclusions:

  • UHR is a viable surgical option for pediatric comitant strabismus, with ULR for XT being particularly effective.
  • Large UMR and ULR may have lower success rates and can lead to postoperative incomitance, though often not clinically significant.