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Pediatric submersion injuries: emergency care and resuscitation

Janet Semple-Hess1, Rashida Campwala2

  • 1Attending Physician, Division of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.

Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice
|June 23, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric drowning requires rapid prehospital care focusing on ventilation and circulation. This review details diagnostic tests, rewarming techniques, and a systematic approach to treating pediatric drowning victims to improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Drowning is a leading cause of preventable death and disability in children.
  • Prompt prehospital intervention is critical to minimize hypoxic injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of pediatric drowning and submersion injuries.
  • To outline diagnostic testing, rewarming strategies, and treatment protocols for pediatric drowning victims.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current literature on pediatric drowning management.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities including blood tests, imaging, and monitoring.
  • Analysis of various rewarming techniques for hypothermic patients.

Main Results:

  • Key diagnostic tests include arterial blood gas, complete blood count, and cardiorespiratory monitoring.
  • Rewarming methods encompass passive external, active external, and active internal techniques.
  • A structured approach to treatment and disposition impacts patient prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Effective prehospital care, including rapid resuscitation and appropriate rewarming, is vital for pediatric drowning survivors.
  • Understanding risk factors and prognostic indicators is essential for optimal pediatric drowning victim management.

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