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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
10:15

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia

Published on: July 2, 2013

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Stimulating the brain may help people who stutter.

Ignacio Amigo1

  • 1Ignacio Amigo is a journalist in Madrid.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Small electrical currents may improve speech fluency. However, research is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of this intervention for speech disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Current research indicates that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may enhance speech fluency.
  • The precise mechanisms by which electrical stimulation influences speech motor control are still under investigation.

Discussion:

  • The duration of fluency improvements following tDCS is a critical factor for clinical applicability.
  • Further studies are required to establish optimal stimulation parameters and treatment protocols.

Key Insights:

  • tDCS shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for individuals experiencing speech fluency challenges.
  • Longitudinal data is essential to validate the sustained efficacy of tDCS.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on randomized controlled trials with extended follow-up periods.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping
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  • Investigating patient-specific responses to tDCS will refine treatment strategies for speech disorders.