Heterophilic recognition between E-cadherin and N-cadherin relies on same canonical binding interface as required for...

Cadherins are a family of cell surface glycoproteins that mediate Ca²⁺-dependent cell to cell adhesion. They organize to form large macromolecular assemblies at the junctions of cells in order to form and maintain the integrity of tissue structures, thereby playing an indispensable role in the multicellular organization. Notably, a large body of research on E- and N-cadherin, the two most widely studied members of the cadherin superfamily, suggest for homophilic associations among them to drive cell adhesion. Interestingly, latest studies also highlight for direct crosstalk among these two classical cadherins to form heterotypic connections in physiological as well as in disease environment. However, the molecular details for the heterophilic association of E-cadherin and N-cadherin has not been investigated yet, which we aimed to address in this work. Using surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry based biophysical studies we observed heterophilic interaction between E- and N-cadherin mediated through the membrane distal ectodomains. Further, the heterodimeric interface of E-cadherin and N-cadherin was mapped using structure-guided mutational studies followed by complementary biophysical analyses to identify the important interface residues involved in the interaction. The results obtained imply significant resemblance in the interface residues of E-cadherin that are crucial for homophilic recognition of E-cadherin and heterophilic recognition of N-cadherin as well.