Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.3K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.3K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

2.9K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.9K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.3K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

113
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
113
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Xerophilusin B attenuates wear particle: associated osteolysis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and restoring osteoblast-osteoclast coupling.

Journal of molecular histology·2026
Same author

Catalytic ROS-Amplifying Self-Immolative Linkers Enable Carrier-Free Prodrugs for Refractory Tumors.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Dual-Wavelength Responsive Hydrogel Glue with Visible-Light Bonding and UV-Triggered Debonding via Ortho-Nitrobenzyl Cleavage.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Vanillic acid-based pro-coagulant hemostatic shape memory polymer foams with antimicrobial properties against drug-resistant bacteria.

Acta biomaterialia·2024
Same author

Chitosan Poly(vinyl alcohol) Methacrylate Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.

ACS applied bio materials·2024
Same author

Study on the use of 3D printed guides in the individualized reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

12.8K

Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties.

Changling Du1, David Anthony Fikhman1, Mary Beth Browning Monroe1

  • 1Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Phenolic acid (PA)-infused shape memory polymer foams offer tunable antioxidant properties. Different PAs provide varied protection against oxidative degradation and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting potential for advanced wound healing materials.

Keywords:
oxidative degradationphenolic acidspolyurethaneshape memory polymer

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

9.6K
Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold

Published on: October 23, 2015

12.8K
Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

9.6K
Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

Published on: March 8, 2019

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Phenolic acids (PAs) are natural antioxidants found in plants and consumed in the human diet.
  • Shape memory polymer (SMP) polyurethane (PU) foams can be functionalized with PAs during fabrication to impart antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
  • Previous research established PA-containing SMP foams with retained shape memory and added antimicrobial benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of incorporating different phenolic acids (PAs) into SMP PU foams on their antioxidant properties.
  • To evaluate the in vitro oxidative degradation resistance and cellular antioxidant activity of PA-modified SMP foams.
  • To understand the relationship between PA release kinetics and their antioxidant efficacy in different assays.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of SMP PU foams incorporating p-coumaric acid (PCA), vanillic acid (VA), and ferulic acid (FA).
  • In vitro assessment of oxidative degradation resistance using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
  • Evaluation of cellular antioxidant activity through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assays.
  • Monitoring of PA release profiles from the foams over a two-week period.

Main Results:

  • SMP foams containing p-coumaric acid (PCA) demonstrated the strongest resistance to oxidative degradation in H2O2.
  • PCA-based foams showed limited effectiveness in reducing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in short-term assays.
  • Vanillic acid (VA) and ferulic acid (FA) foams exhibited moderate oxidative degradation resistance but superior ROS scavenging capabilities in cellular assays.
  • All PA-modified foams exhibited continuous PA release over two weeks, with varying release rates.

Conclusions:

  • The antioxidant efficacy of PA-containing SMP foams is dependent on the specific PA and the assay used, suggesting a complex interplay between degradation resistance and cellular activity.
  • A hypothesis is proposed: PAs must be released from the SMP matrix to exert antioxidant effects, with slower release potentially enhancing long-term oxidative degradation resistance and faster release potentially improving cellular antioxidant effects.
  • PCA, VA, and FA foams offer tunable properties for controlling degradation rates and extending material lifespan, particularly for wound healing applications.
  • VA and FA foams, by scavenging ROS, may promote wound healing by protecting cells.
  • This methodology can be applied to other oxidatively degradable biomaterials to create multifunctional scaffolds for enhanced healing.