Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

652
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
652
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

5.7K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
5.7K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

506
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
506
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

910
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
910
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

5.2K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.2K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

1.8K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Co-Formulation of Pembrolizumab Murine Surrogate RMP1-14 with Imagent<sup>®</sup> Ultrasound Contrast Agent Enhances Intratumoral Antibody Delivery Through a Transient Increase in Tumor Blood Perfusion.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Predictors of diffuse coronary artery calcium phenotype in adults aged ≥ 75: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

American journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Mid- to Late-Life Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factor Exposure and Zero Coronary Artery Calcium: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study.

JACC. Cardiovascular imaging·2025
Same author

ChemoID-guided therapy improves objective response rate in recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer randomized clinical trial.

NPJ precision oncology·2025
Same author

Mid-life physical activity and calcification of coronary arteries, aorta, and cardiac valves in late life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Atherosclerosis·2025
Same author

Microbubble-Protected Oncolytic Virotherapy Targeted by Sonoporation Induces Tumor Necrosis and T-Lymphocyte Infiltration in Humanized Mice Bearing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same journal

Precision Proteomic Profiling of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Correlating Disease Activity and Complement Levels with Clinical Phenotypes.

Biomedicines·2026
Same journal

The Role of Salivary Microbiota in Pancreatic Cancer: From Screening to Tumor Progression and Treatment Response.

Biomedicines·2026
Same journal

Diagnostic Utility of Surface Electromyography for Identifying Muscles Affected by Myofascial Trigger Points: A Scoping Review.

Biomedicines·2026
Same journal

Performance Assessment of a Locally Semi-Automated NGS-Based Workflow for Homologous Recombination Deficiency Testing in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.

Biomedicines·2026
Same journal

Coupling and Uncoupling Pleiotropy Between Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Contribute to Exploring Potential Heterogeneity in Cardiovascular Risk in East Asian Population.

Biomedicines·2026
Same journal

Maternal Response to Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Early Gestation: A Case Series of Thrombotic Microangiopathies and Neurological Disorders.

Biomedicines·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
07:46

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments

Published on: April 30, 2021

4.9K

Virus-Based Immuno-Oncology Models.

Juliana Sitta1, Pier Paolo Claudio2, Candace M Howard1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.

Biomedicines
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer immunotherapy, including oncolytic viruses, shows promise for treating tumors. Understanding tumor microenvironments and developing effective preclinical models are key to improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
cancerhumanized miceimmune-oncologyimmunotherapeuticoncolytic virustumor microenvironmenttumor-associated macrophagesvaccinia virus

More Related Videos

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.6K
A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research
08:17

A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research

Published on: August 15, 2019

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
07:46

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments

Published on: April 30, 2021

4.9K
Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.6K
A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research
08:17

A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research

Published on: August 15, 2019

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has shown success in specific cancers, driving research into broader applications.
  • Understanding tumor microenvironments and the innate immune system is crucial for improving response rates to cancer therapies.
  • Tumor immunosuppressive pathways necessitate the development of combination therapies to enhance immune infiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on oncolytic viruses.
  • To explore inherent and synthetic mechanisms for immunologic enhancement using oncolytic viruses.
  • To discuss immune targeting strategies and the role of preclinical animal models in cancer therapy development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses.
  • Analysis of tumor microenvironment factors influencing treatment response.
  • Evaluation of preclinical models for their ability to replicate human immune responses.

Main Results:

  • The innate immune system presents a promising avenue for oncolytic therapies.
  • Oncolytic viruses can be engineered to enhance immune responses or block immunosuppression.
  • Significant challenges remain in developing preclinical models that accurately predict clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of immunotherapy and oncolytic virus mechanisms is essential.
  • Developing reliable preclinical models is critical for successful clinical translation of cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research into oncolytic viruses and immune targeting can improve cancer treatment efficacy.