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IGF2: Development, Genetic and Epigenetic Abnormalities.

Céline Sélénou1, Frédéric Brioude1,2, Eloïse Giabicani1,2

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Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-II) plays a critical role in human growth and tumor development. Understanding IGF-II gene expression defects is vital for managing rare imprinted disorders like Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Parental imprinting of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) was first reported 30 years ago.
  • Extensive research has elucidated IGF-II's structure, function, regulation, and physiological roles.
  • Interspecies differences in IGF-II function and regulation have been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of IGF-II gene expression, regulation, and physiological roles.
  • To highlight the significance of IGF-II in human growth and tumor proliferation.
  • To discuss the implications of IGF-II defects in imprinted disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and human studies.
  • Analysis of innovative techniques in gene expression studies.
  • Characterization of patients with genetic and epigenetic defects.

Main Results:

  • IGF-II exhibits pleiotropic, tissue-specific, and developmental-stage-dependent actions.
  • Impaired IGF2 gene expression is linked to human growth disorders and tumor proliferation.
  • Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes exemplify IGF2-linked abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • IGF-II is central to human growth regulation, especially prenatal.
  • IGF-II influences metabolism and tumor susceptibility.
  • Understanding IGF2 defects is crucial for managing rare imprinted disorders and their long-term health impacts.