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Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary Tract Infections Impair Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

Batoul Darwish1, Farah Chamaa1,2, Bassel Awada3,4

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.

Biology
|June 24, 2022
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Summary

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in rats reduced neural stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, potentially explaining cognitive impairment. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics did not improve these effects.

Keywords:
BDNFNGFcognitive behaviordentate gyrusheat hyperalgesiainflammationneural stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are linked to cognitive impairment.
  • The impact of UTIs on hippocampal neurogenesis remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of UTIs on hippocampal neurogenesis and brain plasticity.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying UTI-induced neurogenesis alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were induced with UTIs using Escherichia coli.
  • Neurogenesis was assessed via neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation markers.
  • Hippocampal gene expression (BDNF, NGF, FGF2, IL-1β) and glial cell activity were analyzed.
  • Cognitive function was evaluated using the Y-maze test.

Main Results:

  • UTI significantly reduced neural stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis.
  • Decreased expression of BDNF, NGF, and FGF2 mRNA, with elevated IL-1β, was observed in the hippocampus.
  • No changes in microglial or astrocyte intensity were detected.
  • Infected rats showed impaired performance in the Y-maze test.

Conclusions:

  • UTIs negatively impact hippocampal neurogenesis, potentially contributing to cognitive deficits.
  • The observed changes involve alterations in key neurotrophic factors and inflammatory markers.
  • Current anti-inflammatory and antibiotic treatments did not restore neurogenesis.