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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

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The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Breathing, (S)Training and the Pelvic Floor-A Basic Concept.

Helena Talasz1, Christian Kremser2, Heribert Johannes Talasz3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hochzirl Hospital, 6170 Zirl, Austria.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Proper breathing during strenuous exercise is key for pelvic floor (PF) health. Exhaling with PF muscle contraction protects against injury, while breath-holding can cause PF dysfunction.

Keywords:
breathinghigh-intensity physical activityintra-abdominal pressurepelvic floorpelvic floor musclesstraining

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Scientific literature lacks consensus on high-intensity exercise effects on the female pelvic floor (PF).
  • The influence of breathing patterns on PF function during strenuous activity remains unclear.
  • Physiological links between breathing and PF activation suggest a potential impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize how different breathing patterns affect the PF during strenuous physical exertion.
  • To elucidate the biomechanical consequences of breathing on PF integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research.
  • Application of classical Western medicine principles in muscle physiology and breathing biomechanics.
  • Integration of schematic illustrations and MRI data to support the proposed concept.

Main Results:

  • Pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) naturally co-contract with abdominal muscles during expiration.
  • Strenuous efforts necessitate expiratory synergy for PFM training and PF protection.
  • Inspiratory breath-holding during exertion increases intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on a relaxed PF.

Conclusions:

  • Regular inspiratory breath-holding during exertion may lead to PF dysfunction.
  • PFMs function synergistically with abdominal muscles during expiration to protect the PF.
  • Future research must consider breathing cycles in PF function studies.