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Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing the Offspring Health in Rats with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy
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Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Newborn Body Composition: A Systematic Review.

Brenna R Menke1, Cathryn Duchette2, Rachel A Tinius3

  • 1School of Occupational Therapy, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46227, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|June 24, 2022
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Maternal exercise during pregnancy is safe and beneficial. While not consistently linked to infant body composition at birth, higher volumes of mid-to-late term physical activity may influence neonatal outcomes.

Keywords:
exerciseinfant anthropometricsmaternal physical activityneonatal adiposity

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatrics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Exercise during pregnancy is recognized as safe and offers significant maternal and infant benefits.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on the effects of prenatal exercise on birth weight, with less attention to neonatal body composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the impact of maternal physical activity during pregnancy on neonatal body composition.
  • To assess infant body composition between birth and two weeks of age in relation to maternal exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Searches of electronic databases for randomized control trials and cohort studies up to January 2021.
  • Inclusion of 32 articles meeting eligibility criteria.

Main Results:

  • Overall, prenatal maternal exercise was not significantly associated with infant body composition at birth.
  • A subset of five studies indicated a potential influence of higher volumes of mid-to-late term prenatal physical activity on infant body composition.
  • Neonatal body composition was assessed within the first two weeks postpartum.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal physical activity during pregnancy does not appear to have a consistent association with neonatal body composition at birth.
  • Further research may be warranted to explore the specific effects of exercise volume and timing during pregnancy on infant body composition.
  • The findings contribute to understanding the nuanced relationship between maternal exercise and infant development.