Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.6K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.6K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

9.4K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
9.4K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

45.1K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
45.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effectiveness and Safety of Lenacapavir-Containing Regimens in Highly Experienced HIV-Infected Patients With Multidrug Resistance: Real-world Results From the French Compassionate Use Program <sup>a</sup>.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

The association between passion, disordered eating attitudes, and self-reported injuries among pre-professional contemporary and ballet dancers.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

[Imported Schistosomiasis among unaccompanied minor migrants in Nice (France)].

Medecine tropicale et sante internationale·2026
Same author

Speech as a dynamic biomarker of physical aging: a longitudinal study.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Transposing maxillofacial digital workflows to forensic reconstruction: 3D reassembly of fragmented craniofacial human remains.

Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery·2026
Same author

Immunogenicity of PCV13 during Hospitalization soon after infection resolution: Vaccis study.

NPJ vaccines·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants &#8212; Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

971

Olfactory Training in Post-COVID-19 Persistent Olfactory Disorders: Value Normalization for Threshold but Not

Clair Vandersteen1,2, Magali Payne2,3, Louise-Émilie Dumas2,4

  • 1Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d'Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory training (OT) significantly improved smell function and quality of life in patients with persistent post-viral olfactory disorders (PPVOD) after COVID-19. While improvements were noted, further research is needed to explore central nervous system impacts.

Keywords:
COVID-19olfaction disordersolfactory trainingparosmia

More Related Videos

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

4.7K
A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants &#8212; Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

971
Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

4.7K
A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Persistent post-viral olfactory disorders (PPVOD) affect approximately 30% of individuals one year post-COVID-19.
  • Currently, olfactory training (OT) is the primary effective treatment for PPVOD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of olfactory training (OT) in patients experiencing persistent post-viral olfactory disorders (PPVOD) following COVID-19 infection.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 43 patients with post-COVID-19 PPVOD underwent a 6-month self-administered olfactory training program.
  • Assessments included the Sniffin’ Stick Test (TDI), olfactory disorder questionnaire, and SF-36 quality of life survey before and after training.

Main Results:

  • A significant improvement in TDI scores was observed, increasing from 24.7 to 30.9 (p < 0.001).
  • A notable increase in normosmic participants was identified based on threshold values (p < 0.001).
  • Olfaction-related quality of life, both specific and general, showed significant improvement post-OT.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory training appears to enhance peripheral olfactory function in post-COVID-19 PPVOD.
  • Further controlled studies are necessary to confirm OT's role and explore therapeutic strategies targeting central olfactory pathways.