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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

927
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
927
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

181
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Schizophrenia and Alarmins.

Huan Ma1, Ning Cheng1, Caiyi Zhang1,2,3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia diagnosis is challenging due to a lack of objective indicators. This review explores immune-inflammatory biomarkers, like alarmins, as potential tools for early identification and effective treatment of schizophrenia.

Keywords:
HMGB1alarminsbiomarkersinterleukin-33schizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Psychiatric Disorders
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with complex causes and significant global disability.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack objective indicators, hindering accurate diagnosis and treatment selection.
  • Alarmins, released during cell damage, are implicated in inflammation and may serve as early disease indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review central and peripheral immune findings in schizophrenia.
  • To discuss potential causes of immune alterations and the effects of immunomodulatory therapies.
  • To explore the application of immune-inflammatory biomarkers in schizophrenia management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on immune findings in schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of associations between specific alarmins (HMGB1, IL-1α, IL-33, S100B) and schizophrenia.
  • Examination of immunomodulatory therapy effects on schizophrenia symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Several alarmins and uric acid show strong associations with schizophrenic disorders.
  • Immunological biomarkers appear related to disease progression and treatment response.
  • Evidence suggests potential roles for immune findings in schizophrenia's pathology.

Conclusions:

  • While no definitive diagnostic markers exist, immune-inflammatory biomarkers show promise.
  • Screening these markers could aid in early clinical identification and diagnosis of schizophrenia.
  • Utilizing biomarkers may lead to more effective treatment strategies for schizophrenia.