Synthesis and Characterization of Chelating Hyperbranched Polyester Nanoparticles for Cd(II) Ion Removal from Water

Chelating hyperbranched polyester (CHPE) nanoparticles have become an attractive new material family for developing high-capacity nanoscale chelating agents with highly branched structures and many functional groups in the main chains and end groups that can be used to remove heavy metals from water. In this study, a hyperbranched polyester with a particle size of 180-643 nm was synthesized with A₂+B₃ interfacial polymerization, using dimethylmalonyl chloride as the difunctional monomer (A₂) and 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (THPE) as the trifunctional monomer (B₃). FTIR and NMR were used to characterize the CHPE and confirm the structure. The CHPE nanoparticles were generally considered hydrophilic, with an observed swelling capacity of 160.70%. The thermal properties of the CHPE nanoparticles were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) with 1% mass loss at temperatures above 185 °C. The XRD of the CHPE nanoparticles showed a semi-crystalline pattern, as evident from the presence of peaks at positions ~18° and 20°. The nature of the surface of the CHPE was examined using SEM. Batch equilibrium was used to investigate the removal properties of the CHPE nanoparticles towards Cd(II) ions as a function of temperature, contact time, and Cd(II) concentration. The Cd(II) ion thermodynamics, kinetics, and desorption data on the CHPE nanoparticles were also studied.