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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Recent Advances in Biochar Polymer Composites.

Mattia Bartoli1, Rossella Arrigo2, Giulio Malucelli2

  • 1Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy.

Polymers
|June 24, 2022
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Biochar (BC), a sustainable filler from biomass, enhances polymer composites with high thermal stability and conductivity. This review explores BC

Keywords:
biocharcircular economyelectrical propertiesmechanical propertiespolymer-based compositeszero-waste approach

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials

Background:

  • Biochar (BC) is a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional fillers in polymer composites.
  • BC offers high thermal stability, surface area, and electrical conductivity, tunable via production methods.
  • Derived from agricultural waste, BC supports a circular bioeconomy and zero-waste initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of biochar's integration into polymer matrices.
  • To critically review the impact of BC on the performance of thermoplastic and thermosetting composites.
  • To analyze the influence of BC synthesis conditions on composite properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biochar-polymer composites.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on the effects of biochar on mechanical and electrical properties.
  • Comparative assessment of biochar against other carbonaceous fillers.

Main Results:

  • Biochar incorporation significantly enhances mechanical and electrical properties of various polymer matrices.
  • The performance of biochar-polymer composites is strongly dependent on the biochar's production conditions and source.
  • Biochar demonstrates competitive performance compared to traditional carbon fillers.

Conclusions:

  • Biochar is a versatile and sustainable filler for developing high-performance, multi-functional polymer composites.
  • Tailoring biochar production offers a pathway to optimize composite properties for specific applications.
  • Further research into biochar-polymer systems supports the development of a circular bioeconomy.