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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Cell Migration01:09

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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The Process of Filopodia Induction during HPV Infection.

Alyssa Biondo1, Patricio I Meneses1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) infection involves cytoskeletal changes, specifically increasing filopodia. This process is crucial for viral entry and can be manipulated to affect infection rates.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a high-risk type linked to various cancers.
  • The precise mechanism of HPV16 entry into host cells after receptor binding remains unclear.
  • Understanding viral entry is critical for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cytoskeletal dynamics, particularly filopodia formation, in HPV16 cellular entry.
  • To elucidate the involvement of Cdc42 GTPase in HPV16-induced filopodia and subsequent infection.

Main Methods:

  • Observing HPV16 interaction with plasma membrane receptors and subsequent cytoskeletal changes.
  • Utilizing pharmacological agents to modulate filopodia numbers and assessing infection rates.
  • Employing siRNA to inhibit Cdc42 GTPase and evaluating its impact on filopodia and infection.

Main Results:

  • HPV16 binding triggers a transient increase in filopodia formation within two hours.
  • Enhanced filopodia formation correlates with increased HPV16 infection rates.
  • Inhibition of filopodia formation or Cdc42 GTPase significantly reduces HPV16 infection.

Conclusions:

  • HPV16 entry into host cells is dependent on virus-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements, specifically filopodia.
  • Cdc42 GTPase activation is a key mediator of HPV16-induced filopodia and subsequent cellular infection.
  • Targeting filopodia formation or Cdc42 pathway presents a potential strategy for controlling HPV16 infections.