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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Primary Motives: Sleep, Sex, and Pain Avoidance01:24

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Primary motives such as sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are crucial drivers of behavior in humans and animals. These motives ensure survival, reproductive success, and overall well-being by prompting actions that meet essential bodily needs.
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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
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Altered Reward Processing and Sex Differences in Chronic Pain.

Anne K Baker1,2,3, Lauren C Ericksen1, Vincent Koppelmans1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Chronic pain alters reward processing differently in males and females. Males with chronic pain show reduced striatal activation during reward anticipation compared to healthy males.

Keywords:
chronic painfMRIreward processingsex differencesstriatum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Chronic pain and reward processing are reciprocally linked.
  • Previous studies on reward processing in chronic pain patients yield inconsistent results.
  • Sex differences in reward-related responses are well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex as a factor in striatal activation during reward anticipation in chronic pain.
  • To compare reward and loss responsivity in the striatum between chronic pain patients and healthy controls, stratified by sex.
  • To identify sex-specific alterations in reward processing associated with chronic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used during a monetary incentive delay task.
  • Participants included 90 males and females with and without chronic non-specific back pain.
  • Repeated measures analysis of variance analyzed group, sex, and group-by-sex interactions.

Main Results:

  • Healthy males showed greater striatal activation during reward anticipation than healthy females.
  • No significant sex differences in striatal activation were found in chronic pain patients.
  • Males with chronic pain exhibited diminished blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the striatum compared to control males.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic pain impacts reward processing in a sex-specific manner.
  • Males with chronic pain demonstrate reduced anticipatory responses to reward.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering sex in research on pain and reward systems.