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Lung function in young adulthood: differences between males and females with asthma
Ida Mogensen1, Jenny Hallberg1,2, Lena Palmberg3
1Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
ERJ Open Research
|June 24, 2022
Summary
Asthma impacts male and female lung function differently in early adulthood. Persistent asthma in males significantly lowers lung function, while in females, asthma
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Pediatric Asthma Research
- Sex-Based Health Differences
Background:
- Asthma exhibits distinct phenotypic differences between males and females.
- Lung function disparities between sexes at peak development in young adulthood remain under-researched.
- This study investigates sex-specific lung function in young adults with varying asthma trajectories.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess sex-specific differences in lung function at age 24 years.
- To examine the impact of asthma onset and remission on lung function in males and females.
- To identify how asthma phenotypes influence lung function parameters in early adulthood.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the BAMSE birth cohort, categorizing participants into never asthma, childhood asthma (remission/persistent), and adolescent-onset asthma groups.
- Measured pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function (Z-score) and lung clearance index (LCI) at age 24 years.
- Performed univariate and multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for numerous environmental and genetic factors, stratified by sex.
Main Results:
- All asthma phenotypes were linked to reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) post-bronchodilation.
- Males with persistent asthma showed the most significant decline in FEV1/FVC.
- Adjusted analyses revealed persistent associations between asthma and lower FEV1 in males, whereas in females, significant associations were limited to asthma in remission. Persistent asthma was linked to higher LCI in females.
Conclusions:
- Asthma's impact on lung function in early adulthood differs significantly between sexes.
- In females, asthma-related lung function deficits were attenuated after adjusting for risk factors, unlike in males.
- These findings highlight the importance of sex-specific considerations in understanding asthma's long-term pulmonary consequences.
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