Case Report: Clinical Outcome From Pallidal Stimulation in a Patient With Levodopa-Resistant Dopa-Responsive Dystonia

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a group of movement disorders with genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Dramatic response to levodopa is the hallmark of DRD. Therefore, DRD cases with poor response to levodopa are rarely reported. In addition, the clinical outcomes from deep brain stimulation (DBS) in levodopa-resistant patients remain unclear. Here, we described the clinical outcome of pallidal stimulation in a DRD patient having a poor response to levodopa. The patient was a 25-year-old man and had a 7-year history of cervical dystonia. A novel frameshift mutation in the GCH1 gene was found in the patient as well as his elder sister and mother. Unfortunately, he had no response to a large dosage of levodopa/benserazide (600/150 mg per day) and onabotulinumtoxin A injection. Therefore, bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) was performed. With parameter adjustments, the severity of his torticollis was gradually improved and relieved substantially in the 8-month follow-up visit. Our current report highlights that GPi-DBS therapy leads to promising clinical outcomes for levodopa-resistant DRD.