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Diabetes and cancer: Optimising glycaemic control
Nalinie Joharatnam-Hogan1, Daniel L Morganstein1,2
1Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
Summary
Type 2 diabetes increases cancer risk and impacts treatment outcomes. Managing diabetes during cancer care presents challenges, highlighting a need for comprehensive clinical guidelines.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes is increasingly prevalent and linked to higher risks of several common cancers.
- The relationship between type 1 diabetes and cancer risk is less understood.
- Cancer and its treatments can affect glucose control, while cancer diagnosis may worsen diabetes management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on the links between type 2 diabetes and cancer incidence/outcomes.
- To discuss challenges in managing diabetes during cancer treatment.
- To identify gaps in clinical guidance for managing comorbid conditions like diabetes and obesity in cancer patients.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of epidemiological and clinical evidence.
- Analysis of the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and cancer.
- Examination of current guidelines and identification of management needs.
Main Results:
- Strong epidemiological evidence links type 2 diabetes to increased cancer incidence.
- Diabetes influences cancer treatment outcomes, and vice versa.
- Significant challenges exist in managing diabetes concurrently with cancer treatment.
Conclusions:
- There is a clear need for enhanced clinical guidance on managing patients with type 2 diabetes and cancer.
- Integrated management of comorbidities, including nutritional aspects, is crucial.
- Further research is needed to support evidence-based care for this patient population.
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