[Ventral approach to the cervical spine].

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Anatomy

Background:

• Ventral approaches for cervical spine surgery have been utilized since the 1950s.
• The anteromedian approach is frequently employed, navigating between vital structures to access the cervical spine.
• This approach provides access to nearly all cervical spine segments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review established ventral approaches for cervical spine surgery.
• To discuss combined anteroposterior procedures and cervicothoracic methods for the transitional zone.
• To emphasize the importance of anatomical understanding for surgical safety.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on ventral cervical spine surgical approaches.
• Description of the anteromedian approach and its anatomical considerations.
• Discussion of transoral, combined anteroposterior, and cervicothoracic techniques.

Main Results:

• Ventral approaches, particularly the anteromedian route, provide extensive access to the cervical spine.
• The transoral approach is recognized for its significance.
• Combined and cervicothoracic methods are relevant for specific spinal regions.

Conclusions:

• A thorough understanding of neck anatomy is essential for minimizing surgical complications.
• Ventral cervical spine surgery requires careful consideration of adjacent structures.
• Continued study of surgical approaches enhances patient safety and outcomes.