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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.
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Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass.  One common type of ionization, known as electrospray ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave...
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Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)01:08

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a powerful analytical technique used in mass spectrometry. It enables the identification and characterization of various biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. MALDI spectrometry is widely employed in biological and medical research, as well as in fields like pharmacology and biochemistry.
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Optimal Preparation of Formalin Fixed Samples for Peptide Based Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Workflows
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Highlighting Functional Mass Spectrometry Imaging Methods in Bioanalysis.

Allyson L Mellinger1, David C Muddiman1,2, Michael P Gamcsik3

  • 1FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.

Journal of Proteome Research
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers detailed functional maps of biological processes, from subcellular to organ levels. This approach reveals tissue function beyond molecular content, advancing functional imaging capabilities.

Keywords:
dynamicsisotopekineticsmass spectrometry imagingmetabolismrate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Traditional mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) primarily maps tissue molecular composition, offering limited insight into dynamic biological functions.
  • Established functional imaging techniques like PET and fMRI provide spatial distributions of time-dependent processes but struggle to capture molecular network intricacies.
  • MSI has a long-standing, yet underutilized, capacity for generating functional imaging data across diverse biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential of MSI as a powerful tool for functional imaging, providing detailed spatial maps of biological processes.
  • To showcase how various MSI ionization and detection technologies can elucidate time-dependent biological functions.
  • To introduce the concept of "functional MSI" to promote its broader adoption and inspire new applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review and classification of existing MSI techniques based on their ability to capture functional information.
  • Analysis of how different MSI ionization and detection strategies contribute to mapping biological processes.
  • Examination of specific examples including nucleic acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, and protein metabolism.

Main Results:

  • MSI methods can provide functional imaging data at resolutions ranging from the nanoscale to whole organs.
  • Specific MSI technologies enable detailed spatial mapping of dynamic biological processes like metabolism and synthesis.
  • Functional MSI offers a unique perspective on tissue function, complementing traditional molecular content analysis.

Conclusions:

  • MSI possesses significant, often underappreciated, capabilities for functional imaging, exceeding some conventional methods in detail and scope.
  • Classifying MSI under the "functional MSI" umbrella can increase awareness and encourage the development of novel approaches.
  • Expanding the application of functional MSI will enhance our understanding of complex biological systems and disease mechanisms.