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Breaking the boundaries of interacting with the human brain using adaptive closed-loop stimulation
Khaled Nasr1, David Haslacher1, Eran Dayan2
1Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory & Center for Translational Neuromodulation, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Progress in Neurobiology
|June 24, 2022
Summary
Understanding the human brain requires tools to link neural activity and behavior. This review covers current brain stimulation methods, highlighting limitations and new frontiers like adaptive closed-loop stimulation for advancing neuroscience.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- The human brain's complexity necessitates understanding the neural activity-behavior link.
- Current tools for studying this link in humans face significant limitations.
- Invasive methods offer specificity but have limited applicability; noninvasive methods lack precision and suffer from variability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the state-of-the-art in interacting with human brain activity.
- To highlight limitations of existing brain stimulation techniques.
- To introduce emerging methods and future directions in human neuroscience research.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of existing literature on brain stimulation techniques.
- Analysis of limitations in current invasive and noninvasive methods.
- Exploration of novel approaches including electromagnetic stimulation, sensory stimulation, and focal ultrasound.
Main Results:
- Existing noninvasive brain stimulation methods often lack spatial specificity and yield inconsistent results.
- Significant technical advancements are being made in electromagnetic brain stimulation.
- New frontiers like task-irrelevant sensory stimulation and focal ultrasound offer promising alternatives.
Conclusions:
- Overcoming limitations in human brain interaction tools is crucial for neuroscience.
- Technological advancements and new methods are expanding possibilities.
- A paradigm shift towards adaptive closed-loop stimulation is essential for future progress in human neuroscience.
