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Impact of artificial intelligence on pathologists' decisions: an experiment
Julien Meyer1, April Khademi2, Bernard Têtu3
1School of Health Services Management, Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Summary
Pathologists readily rely on artificial intelligence (AI) decision aids for improved accuracy in pathology, with explanations of AI algorithms not significantly impacting this reliance. Implementation should consider individual pathologist behaviors.
Area of Science:
- Medical Artificial Intelligence
- Pathology Diagnostics
- Clinical Decision Support Systems
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) shows increasing accuracy in medicine, particularly pathology.
- Understanding the practical influence of AI algorithms on pathologists' decisions is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine pathologists' reliance on AI in practice.
- To investigate if providing AI algorithm information affects this reliance.
Main Methods:
- Online survey with 116 pathologists and students assessing prostate biopsies.
- Three conditions: no AI, AI recommendations, AI with algorithm details.
Main Results:
- AI decision aids significantly improved accuracy (92% vs 87%).
- Algorithm information did not alter reliance compared to AI alone.
- Reliance correlated with general AI beliefs, not specific tool assessments.
- AI use decreased decision-making time.
Conclusions:
- Pathologists demonstrate a willingness to rely on AI irrespective of detailed accuracy or explanation.
- Observed reliance in practice may differ from stated beliefs.
- Future AI implementation requires consideration of individual user behaviors.
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