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Quantifier spreading and the question under discussion.

Dimitrios Skordos1, Allyson Myers2, David Barner3

  • 1University of California, San Diego, USA; University of Calgary, Canada.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children’s reasoning with quantifiers like "every" is often non-adult-like. This study shows children’s difficulties stem from understanding the intended question, not language processing limits.

Keywords:
Access to alternativesClass inclusionInferencePragmatic developmentQUDQuantifier spreadingQuestion under discussion

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Children frequently exhibit non-adult-like reasoning with quantifiers and logical connectives in natural language.
  • A common example is the symmetrical interpretation of universally quantified statements, where children may incorrectly reject sentences describing certain scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reasons behind children's non-adult-like interpretation of universally quantified statements.
  • To determine if syntactic, semantic, or general processing limitations explain these differences.
  • To explore the role of the 'question under discussion' in children's quantifier understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted to assess children's comprehension of quantified sentences.
  • Contextual ambiguity regarding the 'question under discussion' was manipulated.
  • Children's judgments on the truth value of quantified statements were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Children's difficulties were not attributed to syntactic, semantic, or general processing limitations.
  • Children's judgments became almost completely adult-like when the 'question under discussion' was contextually unambiguous.
  • This suggests a primary difficulty in identifying the speaker's intended focus.

Conclusions:

  • Children's non-adult-like reasoning with quantifiers is primarily linked to pragmatic factors, specifically understanding the 'question under discussion'.
  • Contextual clarity significantly improves children's interpretation of quantified language, aligning their judgments with adult patterns.
  • This highlights the importance of context in language acquisition and reasoning.