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Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
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Plasticity changes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with procedural sequence learning are

Na Cao1, Yanling Pi2, Fanghui Qiu3

  • 1School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.

Neuroimage
|June 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Motor sequence learning enhances connections between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the primary motor cortex (M1). This neuroplasticity, particularly in the left DLPFC, may improve motor learning and serve as a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
DLPFC–M1 interactionDorsolateral prefrontal cortexHemisphere-specificPlasticity changeProcedural sequence learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Plasticity

Background:

  • Procedural sequence learning involves neuroplastic changes in higher-order cortices projecting to the primary motor cortex (M1).
  • The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is crucial for cognition, motor learning, and memory, but its specific neuroplastic changes during motor learning are unclear.
  • Understanding DLPFC-M1 interactions is key to elucidating mechanisms of motor learning and potential interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuroplastic changes in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-primary motor cortex (M1) interactions following procedural motor sequence learning.
  • To examine how these DLPFC-M1 interactions are modulated by sequence learning compared to random motor tasks.
  • To determine the hemispheric specificity of these plasticity-induced changes.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a serial reaction time task involving procedural sequence learning and random order trials with either the left or right hand.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), including paired-pulse and single-pulse protocols, was used to measure intra-hemispheric and inter-hemispheric DLPFC-M1 interactions.
  • Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and reaction times were recorded before and after training.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited faster reaction times for sequence learning compared to random learning, regardless of hand used.
  • Paired-pulse TMS revealed disinhibition of DLPFC-M1 interactions after motor sequence learning.
  • This disinhibition showed hemispheric specificity, being more pronounced in left DLPFC-M1 interactions, particularly with contralateral hand performance.

Conclusions:

  • Motor sequence learning induces significant neuroplastic changes in DLPFC-M1 connectivity, enhancing their interaction.
  • These plasticity-induced changes demonstrate a left-hemisphere dominance, suggesting specific roles for the left DLPFC in procedural motor learning.
  • DLPFC plasticity could serve as a biomarker for DLPFC function and a potential target for therapies aimed at improving motor learning.