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Related Concept Videos

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas
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Nitrate signaling and use efficiency in crops.

Yangyang Gao1, Shengdong Qi1, Yong Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.

Plant Communications
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Nitrate (NO3-) is vital for plant growth and signaling. Understanding its molecular regulation in crops is key to improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:
cropnitrate regulationnitrate signalingnitrate-regulatory genenitrogen use efficiency

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Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Nitrate (NO3-) is an essential plant nutrient and signaling molecule.
  • Low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops leads to environmental issues.
  • Understanding NO3- signaling mechanisms is crucial for enhancing crop NUE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in crop NO3- signaling.
  • To summarize key NO3- signaling factors and their roles in NO3- utilization.
  • To discuss the regulation of crop NUE by genes involved in NO3- signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent research in crop NO3- signaling.
  • Analysis of short-term and long-term NO3- signaling pathways.
  • Examination of environmental factor impacts on NO3- signaling.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding crop NO3- signaling.
  • Key signaling factors influencing NO3- utilization have been identified.
  • The review highlights the impact of environmental factors and crucial genes on NUE.

Conclusions:

  • This review consolidates current knowledge on crop NO3- signaling.
  • It provides a theoretical basis for breeding high-NUE crop varieties.
  • Advances in NO3- signaling research are significant for sustainable agriculture.