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Published on: October 25, 2016
Early Prediction of a Pre-Symptomatic Neurodegeneration Disorder by Measuring Macrophage Inhibitory Factor Level in
Rania M Khalil1, Shereen Alaa2, Hanan Eissa3
1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
Background:
The relationship between diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disorders has been of great interest. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine in which a variety of signaling cascades are activated through it. MIF has been involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases and can predict early pre-symptomatic stages of neurodegeneration in diabetic patients.
Objective:
To investigate whether serum MIF could predict brain neurodegeneration at the early pre-symptomatic stages in diabetic patients.
Methods:
We examined adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared with normal control adults using a short form of the IQCODE and biochemical examination, including assessment of HA1C, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and MIF which was measured by ELISA technique. Correlations between parameters were studied. Computational PathLinker bioinformatic tool was used to search for potential pathway reconstructions for the insulin/amyloid-β/MIF signaling.
Results:
We demonstrated that MIF level was increased in the serum at the early pre-symptomatic stages of neurodegenerative disorder in diabetic patients. In addition, network analysis demonstrates that insulin receptor substrate 1 can ameliorate amyloid-β protein precursor through COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5 that enhances MIF elevation.
Conclusion:
Diagnosis processes could not be used as routine examinations for still pre-symptomatic neurodegenerative disorders. This may be due to the time constraints and the heavy dependence on the physician's experience. Therefore, serum MIF level could predict brain neurodegeneration at the early pre-symptomatic stages in diabetic patients which may support its potential utility as a clinically useful biomarker.
Insights
Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) levels can predict early neurodegeneration in diabetic patients. This finding highlights MIF as a potential biomarker for early detection of brain changes in diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is linked to neurodegenerative disorders.
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in disease pathogenesis.
- MIF may predict early neurodegeneration in diabetic individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if serum MIF can predict early, pre-symptomatic brain neurodegeneration in patients with diabetes.
- Investigate the role of MIF as a potential biomarker.
Main Methods:
- Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls were assessed.
- Evaluated IQCODE, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and serum MIF (ELISA).
- Utilized computational PathLinker for insulin/amyloid-β/MIF signaling pathway analysis.
Main Results:
- Serum MIF levels were elevated in diabetic patients with early, pre-symptomatic neurodegeneration.
- Network analysis indicated insulin receptor substrate 1 ameliorates amyloid-β precursor via COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5, enhancing MIF.
Conclusions:
- Current diagnostic methods for pre-symptomatic neurodegeneration are limited.
- Serum MIF shows potential as a clinically useful biomarker for early neurodegeneration prediction in diabetic patients.
