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Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
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Effectivity of ILF Neurofeedback on Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Case Study.

Alexandra Rauter1, Horst Schneider2, Wolfgang Prinz3

  • 1Psychological Practice, Graz, Austria.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infra-low frequency (ILF) neurofeedback significantly reduced autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in a 5-year-old boy. This case study highlights ILF neurofeedback as an effective therapy for children with ASD.

Keywords:
Othmer methodautism spectrum disorder (ASD)electroencephalogram (EEG)infra-low frequency (ILF) neurofeedbackoptimal response frequency (ORF)symptom severity scalesymptom tracking

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting brain connectivity and information processing.
  • Infra-low frequency (ILF) neurofeedback shows potential for altering brain connectivity, but its therapeutic efficacy for ASD is under-researched.

Observation:

  • A 5-year-old boy diagnosed with ASD underwent 26 sessions of ILF neurofeedback over six months.
  • Core ASD symptoms were systematically tracked across various categories to monitor behavioral changes.

Findings:

  • ILF neurofeedback intervention led to a remarkable decrease in the average severity of all tracked ASD symptom categories.
  • The most significant symptom severity reductions were observed in physical (80%) and sleep-related (77%) categories.
  • Behavioral symptoms showed the least reduction, with a 15% mean severity decrease.

Implications:

  • This case study suggests ILF neurofeedback is a practical and effective therapeutic tool for managing ASD symptoms in children.
  • Further research into ILF neurofeedback's efficacy across diverse ASD populations is warranted.
  • The findings support the integration of ILF neurofeedback into comprehensive ASD treatment plans.