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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network Differentiates the Combined and Inattentive Attention

Jacqueline F Saad1,2, Kristi R Griffiths1, Michael R Kohn1,3

  • 1Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain network differences in combined type ADHD compared to inattentive type ADHD. These findings highlight specific functional connectivity alterations in the default mode network (DMN) associated with ADHD presentations.

Keywords:
ADHD combinedADHD inattentivebrain functional connectivitydefault mode networkfunctional connectomenetwork-based statistics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibits neurobiological differences, yet the pathophysiology distinguishing its subtypes remains unclear.
  • Investigating functional network connectivity may reveal neural signatures differentiating ADHD presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify neural signatures differentiating combined (ADHD-C) and inattentive (ADHD-I) ADHD presentations using intrinsic functional network connectivity.
  • To explore whether dysfunctional network connections characterize clinical symptoms distinguishing ADHD types.

Main Methods:

  • Network-based statistical (NBS) and graph theoretical analysis applied to fMRI data.
  • Examined default mode network (DMN) and whole-brain functional network topology in ADHD subtypes and controls.
  • Cohort included 34 ADHD participants (ADHD-I n=15, ADHD-C n=19) and 39 controls (ages 8-17).

Main Results:

  • ADHD-C showed reduced network connectivity within the DMN compared to ADHD-I.
  • Reduced DMN connectivity negatively correlated with hyperactivity-impulsivity scores in ADHD.
  • ADHD-C, unlike ADHD-I, exhibited reduced connectivity within the DMN and between DMN and other networks (somatomotor, limbic, attention).

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide insights into intrinsic networks underlying phenotypic differences between ADHD subtypes.
  • Intrinsic functional connectomic signatures support neurobiological differences in ADHD presentations.
  • Reduced DMN connectivity characterizes the ADHD-C subtype.